书城教材教辅中考英语词汇考点手册
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第10章

keep a diary记日记/keep away不靠近;避开/keep back隐瞒;忍住(眼泪);阻止……向前/keep clothes(money)保管衣服(钱)/keep healthy保持健康/keep in a bag藏在书包里/keep on继续(开),坚持(干)/keep one’s word言出必行;履行诺音/keep out不让……进去;挡住/keep out of使……不进入……,使……置身于……之外,/keep sth.in mind把……记在心里/keep up保持(下去);继续(下去);使……不下降/keep up with赶上

keep in touch with与……保持联系/keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事

keep an eye on照料;照管/keep doing sth.不断、总是做某事/keep track of与……保持联系/keep on at纠缠,困扰/keep to坚持/keep a record做记录

keep fit保持健康/keep off让开;小接近/keep on doing sth.继续做某事

keep one’s balance保持平衡/keep one’s promise履行诺言/keep contact with同……保持接触/keep guard站岗/keep hold of握紧;抓住不放/keep house管理家务;做家务/keep in memory记住;铭记不;g/keep...in order维持秩序;整理;收拾

keeper(动物园中的)饲养员;看守人

You must keep your room—and tidy.

A.to clean B.cleaning C.clean

D.cleaned

(2001年吉林省)

解析句意:你必须保持你的房间干净整洁。

答案为C。本题考查的是keep doing sth.意为“不断做某事,保持同一状态不间断”;keep on doing sth.强调。多次反复做同一动作”,而且doing不能是表静态的动词,例如可以说:He kept standing there,不可说:He kept on standing there.另外,keep(go on)talking表示“继续说下去”,而keep on talking表示“不顾人家而独自滔滔不绝地说个不停”。此外,catch up with表示“落于某某之后再赶上去”,keep up with意为“与……并驾齐驱”。②keep之后不能跟动词不定式,只能跟名词、动名词和介词短语。

key to...开……的钥匙

kill oneself自杀/kill the pain止痛/kill time消磨时光,消遣/kill two birds with one stone一箭双雕,一举两得

measure量度;尺寸/size尺寸;大小/metre米,公尺/mile英里/inch英寸/weigh重(若干);称(……的重量)/kilogram千克,公斤/kiloton千吨/gram克/litre升,公升/degree度数/centigrade百分度的;摄氏温度计的/calorie卡/per cent百分之……/cubic立方体的,立方形的/average平均数;一般水平/share一份,份额

a kind of一种;某一种/all kinds of各种各样的/be kind of sb.to do sth.某人做某事真好/be kind to do sth.心肠好做某事/be kind to sb.对某人好/be so kind as to do sth.(=be kind enough to do sth.)请费心

kindly仁慈地/kindness仁慈,厚道/good好的/well好;令人满意/better较好的(地)/best最好的人(或物)/excellent极好的,优秀的/perfect完美的,极好的/mercy怜悯;宽恕;仁慈/pity怜悯;同情;可惜的事

①表示“一种……”要用“a kind of...”,of后的名词是单数,但名词前不加冠词。表达复数种类是“these(those)kinds of...”,of后的名词是复数。问“哪一种……”是“what kind of...”,kind前面不加冠词,of之后可以是单数名词,也可以是复数名词;若名词为单数,句中的动词也应为单数;若名词为复数,句中的动词也应为复数。如果kind与数词连用,kind应用复数形式。例:(×)He is not the kind of persons to idle away his time.(√)He is not the kind of person to idle away his time.他不是那种游手好闲的人。②kind,good,wise,foolish,careless等形容词用在“It is+odj.+of+sb.+to+do”句型中,不可用for替代of。③kind表示种类的用法:“这种帽子”this kind of hat,a hat of this kind,this kind of a hat(口语),these kinds of hats(口语);“这些种类的帽子”(两种以上)these kinds of hats,后一种动词要用复数。

open a knife瓠开乃子/sharpen a knife磨刀./ paper knife裁纸刀/sharp(dull)knife锋利(钝)的刀/under the knife在动手术/bread knife面包刀/butcher’s knife屠刀/butter knife牛油刀/carving knife餐刀/case knife带鞘的刀/fruit knife水果刀/kitchen knife菜刀/lead knife铅刀/pen knife铅笔刀

k用在单词词首,后面跟辅音字母时,k通常不发音。如knife,know,knock等。

knock at(on)敲(门或窗)/knock sb.down把某人撞倒/knock into把……敲入(插进)……/knock into sb.撞在某人身上/knock about(around)漫游,漂泊不定/knock against(on)撞在……上/knock off下班/knock up敲门唤醒/gentle(10ud)knock轻轻(重重)的敲门声/hard knocks沉重的打击/knock...off...从……减去/knock in a nail钉进钉子/knock...into shape将……敲打成形;使具体化/knock out敲出;击倒;毁坏;打落(飞机)/knock over碰倒;打翻;使……心烦意乱

knock“敲”,有时及物,有时不及物,其区别是:若“敲”的目的是为了让其发声并引人注意,则不及物;若“敲”不是为了引人注意,而是强调用力或使某物移动位置等,则及物。例:Please knock at the door before entering.进屋之前请先敲门。

be known as作为……而出名,被大家公认/be known for因……而著称(出名)/be known to sb.……所熟知的/know of(for)知道有,听说过/as you know如你所知/be known to...为……所熟知/God(Heaven)knows天晓得;谁也不知道/know better更有判断力/know better than to do不至于蠢到……/know one’s business精通本行/know of听说过/make...known使众人知道/know about知道;了解/know...apart能分辨;识别/know...by the heart记住;背出;熟记/know…from分辨(是非);识别;区别/know nothing about对……毫无所知/know sb.by name仅知某人的名字(不认识)/know sb.by sight同某人面熟;认识某人

英语中有一些动词属于“静态动词”,不用于进行时,know属于此类动词。

know(知道,知识)+ledge(名词后缀)知识,学问

have a good knowledge of通晓,对……知道(掌握)得很好/to one’s knowledge据……所知/get knowledge获得知识/enlarge one’s knowledge扩充知识/absorb knowledge吸收知识/deepen knowledge加深知识/deep knowledge渊博的知识/practical knowledge实用的知识/come to one’s knowledge为某人知晓/without one’s knowledge不让某人知道;在某人不知之际

Ladies and gentlemen!女士们,先生们

by land走陆路

land作“土地、田地、陆地”解时,为不可数名词;作“国家解时,为可数名词。例:The farmer has twenty pieces of land.那个农民有二十片田地。He has visited many different lands.他游历了许多不同的国家。

spoken language口语/written language书面语/computer language电脑语言/language teaching语言教学/one’s native language母语/foreign language外语/body language肢体语言/sign language手语/fine language优美的文体/strong language激烈的措辞;粗野的话/bad language粗话/language laboratory语言实验室/in high language以夸张的言词

by and large大体而论/a large number of people许多人/a large amount of money很多钱/large audience许多观众/large fortune大笔财富/large population人口众多/large responsibility重大责任/at large逍遥法外;一般说来;总的来说,自由的/as large as life像实物那样大小;真的(在眼前)

large—scale大规模的/big大的;重要的/great伟大的,重大的;很多的/huge巨大的;庞大的/vast巨大的,浩瀚的/splendid灿烂的,辉煌的/grand庄严的,雄伟的/little小的;不重要的/small小的;少的/slight微小的,轻微的;纤细的,细长的/fine细的;精巧的;微小的/tiny极小的,微小的

China has——population in the world.

A.bigger

B.1arger C.the biggest

D.the largest

(2001年福建省)

解析句意:中国是世界上人口最多的国家。答案为D。这是一道考双重知识点的单选题,它既考查了形容词比较级、最高级的用法,又考查了big和large这两个词的辨析。当表示人口众多时,英语中.-j惯用large来修饰;这句中没有与中国人口相比的对象,只有一个范围in the world,在一个范围中应用最高级。

在谈到人口(population)多少的时候,只能用large和small而不能用big,many等其他的词。

He——a letter to his family last Sunday.

A.wrote B.write C.writes

D.has written

(2002年北京市西城区)

解析句意:上星期天他给家里写了一封信。

具体的过去时间,与一般过去时连用故选wrote。

答案为A。last Sunday为ast Monday,last Friday,last April,last August等类似短语因本身具有副词功能,所以用作状语时,其前不用介词。有时也用介词,此时last则后置,如说成on Monday last,on Friday last,in April last,in August last等。用on时,last须后置;不用on时,last不后置。例:(×)I bought it on last Friday.(√)I bought it last Friday.(√)I bought it on Friday last.这东西我是上周五买的。

be late for...迟到/late on后来

Could you let me know——--

Because the traffic was heavy——

A.why did you come late

C.why do you come late

B.why you came late

D.why you come late

(2003年北京市西城区)

解析句意:——你能让我知道昨天你为什么回来那么晚吗?——因为交通拥挤。答案为B。本题考查复合句,宾语从句的主句不管是疑问句还是陈述句,从句语序都是陈述语序,排除A、C,D中时态是一般现在时,由“yester—day”可排除,所以应选B。

①late的形容词和副词同形,不要把lately误理解为“迟地”,该词的意义是。最近。。②sleep late的意思不是“睡得晚”,而是“起床晚”,相当于get up late。

later on过后;以后/sooner or later迟早

have a good laugh over sth.对……笑了个够/laugh at嘲笑/laugh in sb.’s face当面嘲笑某人/laugh over笑着做……

lay off...使暂时解雇/lay out摆开,布置/lay up...贮存……/lay aside搁置一边;储存/lay down one’s life for为……牺牲生命

eague match联赛/League member团员

learn sth.by heart把……记熟;背下/learn(how)to do sth.学做某事/learn by oneself自学/learn from sb.从……得知;向……学习/learn one’s lesson吸取教训/learn of听到,获悉,知道

表示学习或学会做某事,learn和teach后通常接不定式,而不接动名词。注:有时可以接动名词,但主要是指学习一门技艺,尤其是当教时,动名词可视为名词时,如:He teaches me to swim(swimming).他教我游泳。

He learns to drive(driving)a car.他学开车。

ask for a leave请假/leave a message留话;留言/leave...for...离开……去……/leave one by oneself把某人单独留下来/leave behind漏拿,拉下,没带某物/leave off停止,结束/leave sth.in(on)把某物忘在某处/leave sth.to sb.把事托给某人;把物留给某人/leave a message留话/take leave of离去,告别

leave是瞬间动词,不能延续,因为不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。“离开巴黎”要说leave Paris,而不说leave from Paris,“前往巴黎”要说leave for Paris,而不说leave to Paris。

to the left向左/on the left在左边/eyes left向左看齐/left opportunism左倾机会主义/left wing左翼的/left hand左手

left-hand左边的,左手的/left-handed惯用左手的,笨拙的/left—minded古怪的/left—winger左翼人士/leftward(s)向左,左倾/leftism左派观点/leftist左派分子/right右边的/on the right在右边

lend sb.sth.(。lend sth.to sb.)借给某人某样东西/lend a hand帮忙.帮助

W1Il you please——me your ruler?

A.1ending B.1end C.to lend D.to borrow

(2000年北京市海淀区)

解析句意:你能借给我你的尺子吗?答案为B。此题考查学生“Will you please+动词原形”结构的用法。注意常用句型的积累和使用。Will (Would)you please do sth.?请你做……好吗?据此句型,本题正确答案为B。

less than少于,不像……那样;小到/no less than同……一样/not any the less不少,没少……/not less than至少,小少于/more or less或多或少

Shanghai Waihnan Tunnel is already open to traffic,so it will take US——time to go Pudong International Airport.

A.a few B.fewer C.a little D.1ess

解析句意:上海外环地铁打算对外开放,因此我们将花费较少的时间去浦东国际机场。答案为D。根据题意外环地铁开通与以往相比时间变少,用比较级,排除A、C。time是不可数名词,所以只能用little的比较级less修饰。

do one’s lessons做功课/have a lesson听课/give sb.a lesson上课;授课/take...1esson from sb.跟某人学……课程

let sb.do sth.让某人做某事/let sb.in(out)让某人进来(出去)/let alone更不用说,任其自然/let...down放低,放下

①1et后可以跟“宾语+不带to的不定式”,不能接宾语再接to do或者doing。如:I didn’t let him know that.那事我没让他知道。

“Let’s…”意为“让我们做某事”,故反意疑问句用“shall”意为“你(你们)做某事”,故反意疑问句用“will you”。

answer a letter回信/send a letter寄信/by letter用写信的方式/to the letter彻底地,不折不扣地/write a letter to sb.(write sb.a letter)给某人写信/letter press有插图的书中正文,活版印刷/letter rack信架格/letter scale信秤/letter sheet信笺/letter slot邮筒口/letter weight压纸板/black letter黑体字/block letter印刷体字母/bread and butter letter感谢信