书城文化中国文化外宣研究
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第22章 媒体文化外宣研究(4)

北京798的以上两张照片生动地说明,对于任何城市来说,计划经济和市场经济最基本的区别并不在于其建筑外观如何,也不在于这些建筑价值几何,而是要看这座城市所蕴含的思想。

该篇报道的英文原文为:

From guns to easels

By YOU NUO(China Daily)

We have two photos taken around the same time at a former secret military factory complex in Beijing.It was built in the era of the planned economy,under the code name 798.

One photo shows what Factory Complex 798 was like in its old days.Spacious,bland and generic industrial red-brick workshops was the style.

A worker can be seen doing renovation work in the photo.The results of his labor are seen in the other photo showing the new 798.With most of its sterile industrial workshops and offices converted into art galleries and creative studios,798 is a now a favorite hangout for Beijing-based artists,art dealers,art lovers and tourists.

There may still be some remnants of the planned economy in the military-industrial style buildings,but the new theme hardly reminds one of its secretive past.

Tucked in the rows of revamped houses in 798,surrounding one coffee shop after another,there are small companies and galleries run by young artists-to organize exhibits,to take design contracts,for animation,to sell imported and domestic art books and to publish magazines.

On the surface,the metamorphosis of Beijing 798 is an accident of the market economy,in which a bunch of individuals with creative ideas and a will to implement them were luckily joined by tolerant city administrators who did not send someone to write the big white character“chai”(knock down for urban redevelopment)on the old houses and factories.

It is every urban center’s duty to keep some artistic circles flourishing in a way to also attract more talent from home and abroad.

In China,although some pompous officials in cities can boast to visitors of the shiny office buildings they have constructed and the massive(and often empty and wasteful)new investment zones;all claiming to having turned their cities into modern-day financial centers in only a few years,it is virtually only Beijing and Shanghai which have been able to nurture unique,vibrant areas for artists and other creative professionals.

But as is vividly shown with Beijing 798,for any city the essential difference between a market economy and a planned economy is not how the buildings look,or how much money they may contain,but instead it is the ideas within.

分析:这篇报道短小精悍,仅用了712个字和两幅视觉效果非常突出的照片,就非常形象地勾勒出了北京798工厂的过去和现在。文章结尾处说道:“北京798的以上两张照片生动地说明,对于任何城市来说,计划经济和市场经济最基本的区别并不在于其建筑外观如何,也不在于这些建筑价值几何,而是要看这座城市所蕴含的思想。”更是通过对798工厂的叙述反映出计划经济和市场经济的不同之处,可谓画龙点睛之笔,能够让海外读者在读故事之余感受中国文化的变迁。

(2)改革开放30年之图书:从“椅子”到心灵休憩之所

该文的中文内容如下:改革开放30年之图书:从“椅子”到心灵休憩之所在外国人眼中,中国依旧是中国,别无二致。但对亲历巨变的中国人自己来说,每隔二三十年,中国就会换上一个新面貌。

很多70年代畅销的商品,在如今的生活中都已不见踪影。比如那些外壳是竹子编的暖瓶,外形酷似小冰箱的黑白电视机。还有笨重的自行车,不仅能载人还能装大包的东西,以及大大小小的供应票等等都已成为过去。

尽管如此,有一样东西,在经历了改革开放三十年后,依然活跃在市场上。这——就是书。

中国的对外开放带动了全国人对知识的渴望。那时,所有的学校恢复了上课,工程师和技术员重返原职,改革开放总设计师邓小平更是把科学和技术称作是“第一生产力”。

也就是这个时候,国内对书本的需求与日俱增。

但那时,国内的书本流通还不够畅通。有机会到大城市转一圈的人,往往要帮家里的亲戚朋友买很多书,多到自己的行李包都装不下。

王文澜1981年在北京市中心拍摄的这张黑白照片,展示了这一场景。尽管买书不容易,但人们还是很开心,这从他们脸上的笑容就可以看得出。因为好的书本可以增长家人的知识,有助于他们找到更好的工作、赚取更丰厚的收入并跟上全国现代化步伐。

不过,当时市场上大多的书本还都是简装本——没有硬皮包装和漂亮的设计,有很多是课本和实用手册。从绝对的实用主义观点看,那时的书本就是工具。甚至说,如果用结实的塑料绳捆在一起,它们可以被当成椅子坐。

如果说,在30年前书本只是工具,而现在则有着更重要的作用。人们的兴趣爱好日益丰富,有的开始阅读文学作品,有的钻研专业学术文献,还有的则阅览励志图书。

也许,30年前,农村孩子努力读书是为了当工程师或开公司。现在,中国一些书店里出现了思想深邃的读者。

在北京大学附近的一家汉学书店中,2003年王文澜先生捕捉到了两个和尚正在选书的画面。汉学书籍主要指中国古代经典作品,其中很多书籍与两千年前由印度传入中国的佛教有关。

过去两三年中,中国各种传统图书已经成为大城市各大书店的新宠。

不管是儒家学说还是佛家思想,这些书籍都已不再是用来坐的“椅子”,而是供心灵休憩之地。

该篇报道的英文原文为:

Turning the page

By YOU NUO(China Daily)

For people outside China,China is always China.But Chinese people who have experienced so many profound changes may feel as if they live in a different country every 20 to 30 years.

Many commodities that were hot sellers in the 1970s have disappeared from Chinese life.Gone are the bamboo-wrapped thermos bottles,black-and-white television sets shaped like portable coolers,heavy-duty bicycles for carrying enormous sacks of goods in addition to the rider,and ration coupons in various sizes.

But one commodity has remained a constant in the marketplace since the so-called era of“reform and opening up”.It is the book.

When China began opening up,it ushered in a nationwide thirst for knowledge.When all schools resumed their regular teaching programs,when engineers and technicians were re-assigned to their duties,and especially when Deng Xiaoping,the leader of the reform,called science and technology the“number-one kind of productivity,”the demand for books was surging.

But the distribution system was still clumsy and slow and people traveling to large cities,as those shown in the 1981 black-and-white picture in downtown Beijing by our photographer Wang Wenlan,often had to buy many books for their hometown relatives and friends,and take many more copies than their bags could hold.

Never mind the hassle.They were happy,as you can tell from their smiles.For books and the knowledge they contained could empower their family members to obtain challenging jobs,to make more money-and to catch up with the nation’s modernization campaign.

Those were mostly simple editions for the mass market-with no hard covers or fancy designs,and many could just be textbooks and practical manuals.From a strictly utilitarian point of view,books were tools.When bundled by strong plastic strings,they could even be used as makeshift chairs.