I returned to London in February,and found Dr.Johnson in a good house in Johnson's Court,Fleet-street,in which he had accommodated Miss Williams with an apartment on the ground floor,while Mr.Levet occupied his post in the garret:his faithful Francis was still attending upon him.He received me with much kindness.The fragments of our first conversation,which I have preserved,are these:
I told him that Voltaire,in a conversation with me,had distinguished Pope and Dryden thus:--'Pope drives a handsome chariot,with a couple of neat trim nags;Dryden a coach,and six stately horses.'JOHNSON.'Why,Sir,the truth is,they both drive coaches and six;but Dryden's horses are either galloping or stumbling:Pope's go at a steady even trot.'He said of Goldsmith's Traveller,which had been published in my absence,'There has not been so fine a poem since Pope's time.'
1766.
Talking of education,'People have now a-days,(said he,)got a strange opinion that every thing should be taught by lectures.
Now,I cannot see that lectures can do so much good as reading the books from which the lectures are taken.I know nothing that can be best taught by lectures,except where experiments are to be shewn.You may teach chymistry by lectures.--You might teach making of shoes by lectures!'
At night I supped with him at the Mitre tavern,that we might renew our social intimacy at the original place of meeting.But there was now a considerable difference in his way of living.Having had an illness,in which he was advised to leave off wine,he had,from that period,continued to abstain from it,and drank only water,or lemonade.
I told him that a foreign friend of his,whom I had met with abroad,was so wretchedly perverted to infidelity,that he treated the hopes of immortality with brutal levity;and said,'As man dies like a dog,let him lie like a dog.'JOHNSON.'IF he dies like a dog,LET him lie like a dog.'I added,that this man said to me,'I hate mankind,for I think myself one of the best of them,and Iknow how bad I am.'JOHNSON.'Sir,he must be very singular in his opinion,if he thinks himself one of the best of men;for none of his friends think him so.'--He said,'no honest man could be a Deist;for no man could be so after a fair examination of the proofs of Christianity.'I named Hume.JOHNSON.'No,Sir;Hume owned to a clergyman in the bishoprick of Durham,that he had never read the New Testament with attention.'I mentioned Hume's notion,that all who are happy are equally happy;a little miss with a new gown at a dancing school ball,a general at the head of a victorious army,and an orator,after having made an eloquent speech in a great assembly.JOHNSON.'Sir,that all who are happy,are equally happy,is not true.A peasant and a philosopher may be equally SATISFIED,but not equally HAPPY.Happiness consists in the multiplicity of agreeable consciousness.A peasant has not capacity for having equal happiness with a philosopher.'
Dr.Johnson was very kind this evening,and said to me 'You have now lived five-and-twenty years,and you have employed them well.'
'Alas,Sir,(said I,)I fear not.Do I know history?Do I know mathematicks?Do I know law?'JOHNSON.'Why,Sir,though you may know no science so well as to be able to teach it,and no profession so well as to be able to follow it,your general mass of knowledge of books and men renders you very capable to make yourself master of any science,or fit yourself for any profession.'I mentioned that a gay friend had advised me against being a lawyer,because I should be excelled by plodding block-heads.JOHNSON.'Why,Sir,in the formulary and statutory part of law,a plodding block-head may excel;but in the ingenious and rational part of it a plodding block-head can never excel.'
I talked of the mode adopted by some to rise in the world,by courting great men,and asked him whether he had ever submitted to it.JOHNSON.'Why,Sir,I never was near enough to great men,to court them.You may be prudently attached to great men and yet independent.You are not to do what you think wrong;and,Sir,you are to calculate,and not pay too dear for what you get.You must not give a shilling's worth of court for six-pence worth of good.
But if you can get a shilling's worth of good for six-pence worth of court,you are a fool if you do not pay court.'
I talked to him a great deal of what I had seen in Corsica,and of my intention to publish an account of it.He encouraged me by saying,'You cannot go to the bottom of the subject;but all that you tell us will be new to us.Give us as many anecdotes as you can.'
Our next meeting at the Mitre was on Saturday the 15th of February,when I presented to him my old and most intimate friend,the Reverend Mr.Temple,then of Cambridge.I having mentioned that Ihad passed some time with Rousseau in his wild retreat,and having quoted some remark made by Mr.Wilkes,with whom I had spent many pleasant hours in Italy,Johnson said (sarcastically,)'It seems,Sir,you have kept very good company abroad,Rousseau and Wilkes!'
Thinking it enough to defend one at a time,I said nothing as to my gay friend,but answered with a smile,'My dear Sir,you don't call Rousseau bad company.Do you really think HIM a bad man?'
JOHNSON.'Sir,if you are talking jestingly of this,I don't talk with you.If you mean to be serious,I think him one of the worst of men;a rascal who ought to be hunted out of society,as he has been.Three or four nations have expelled him;and it is a shame that he is protected in this country.'BOSWELL.'I don't deny,Sir,but that his novel may,perhaps,do harm;but I cannot think his intention was bad.'JOHNSON.'Sir,that will not do.We cannot prove any man's intention to be bad.You may shoot a man through the head,and say you intended to miss him;but the Judge will order you to be hanged.An alleged want of intention,when evil is committed,will not be allowed in a court of justice.